Approximately 800 participants were recruited by researchers visiting a national Science Centre to investigate sleep habits and spatial navigation performance. The researchers used a cross-sectional design, grouping participants into sleep-duration brackets.
To measure spatial navigation, participants completed a highly standardized virtual maze task on a computer where they had to find their way through 15 decision points. The software automatically presented identical pathways, starting positions, and landmark cues (e.g., green signposts or yellow buildings) for every run. The software recorded total completion time and navigation errors.
To measure sleep quality, participants completed a highly structured questionnaire asking how many hours of uninterrupted sleep they got the previous night and rating their overall sleep quality on a standardized 5-point Likert scale.
Explain one strength of the Sleep-Deprivation Spatial study in terms of reliability.
638 exam-style questions on Edexcel A Level Psychology Methods. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.