Beatrice conducted an observational study on social learning and role models. She had a one-tailed (directional) hypothesis with df = 1 and used p = 0.05 as her level of significance.
| Age Group | Local Role Model (e.g., Parent/Teacher) | Media Role Model (e.g., Influencer/Celebrity) |
|---|---|---|
| Primary School | 15 | 5 |
| Secondary School | 8 | 12 |
| Age Group | Role Model Category | Observed | Expected | O-E | (O-E)^2 | (O-E)^2 / E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Local Role Model | 15 | 11.50 | 3.50 | 12.25 | 1.07 |
| Media Role Model | 5 | 8.50 | -3.50 | 12.25 | 1.44 | |
| Secondary | Local Role Model | 8 | 11.50 | -3.50 | 12.25 | 1.07 |
| Media Role Model | 12 | 8.50 | 3.50 | 12.25 | 1.44 | |
| Chi-squared = | 5.02 |
Note: The critical value of Chi-squared for a one-tailed test at p = 0.05 with df = 1 is 2.71.
Determine whether there is a significant difference between primary and secondary school children in their choice of role model.
638 exam-style questions on Edexcel A Level Psychology Methods. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.