Dr. Aris conducted a naturalistic observation investigating whether there is an association between work environment and preferred cognitive focusing technique. He had a two-tailed (non-directional) hypothesis with df = 1 and used p = 0.01 as his level of significance.
| Work Environment | Pomodoro Technique | Deep-Work Blocks |
|---|---|---|
| Open-Plan Office | 22 | 8 |
| Private Cubicle | 10 | 20 |
| Work Environment | Focusing Technique | Observed | Expected | O-E | (O-E)^2 | (O-E)^2 / E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open-Plan | Pomodoro | 22 | 16.00 | 6.00 | 36.00 | 2.25 |
| Deep-Work | 8 | 14.00 | -6.00 | 36.00 | 2.57 | |
| Private | Pomodoro | 10 | 16.00 | -6.00 | 36.00 | 2.25 |
| Deep-Work | 20 | 14.00 | 6.00 | 36.00 | 2.57 | |
| Chi-squared = | 9.64 |
Note: The critical value of Chi-squared for a two-tailed test at p = 0.01 with df = 1 is 6.63.
Determine whether there is a significant association between a worker's environment and their preferred focusing technique.
638 exam-style questions on Edexcel A Level Psychology Methods. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.