A sports psychologist investigated how elite youth tennis players perceive their own psychological skills compared to ratings given by their coaches. They gathered self-ratings from four players and compared them with the mean ratings given by three independent coaches who watched a video recording of each player's performance under pressure.
| Strongly disagree | Disagree | Slightly disagree | Neutral | Slightly agree | Agree | Strongly agree |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Player / Evaluator | Mental Toughness (1–7) | Physical Stamina (1–7) |
|---|---|---|
| Player 1 self-rating | 6.20 | 4.00 |
| Coaches' mean rating for Player 1 | 4.50 | 4.20 |
| Player 2 self-rating | 5.80 | 5.00 |
| Coaches' mean rating for Player 2 | 3.90 | 4.80 |
| Player 3 self-rating | 4.50 | 3.50 |
| Coaches' mean rating for Player 3 | 3.10 | 3.90 |
| Player 4 self-rating | 6.50 | 5.50 |
| Coaches' mean rating for Player 4 | 5.20 | 5.20 |
Explain one conclusion you can make regarding 'mental toughness' using the data in Table 1.
638 exam-style questions on Edexcel A Level Psychology Methods. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.