A psychophysiologist investigated whether using a mindfulness mobile app before bed increases sleep duration. Table 1 shows the daily sleep duration (in hours) of 10 participants measured before and after a two-week period of using the app.
| Participant | Sleep duration before (hours) | Sleep duration after (hours) |
|---|---|---|
| Participant A | 6.0 | 7.5 |
| Participant B | 5.5 | 8.0 |
| Participant C | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Participant D | 6.5 | 8.5 |
| Participant E | 8.0 | 7.5 |
| Participant F | 5.0 | 6.2 |
| Participant G | 6.8 | 8.1 |
| Participant H | 7.2 | 7.7 |
| Participant I | 5.8 | 7.4 |
| Participant J | 6.0 | 7.1 |
When using a Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test to analyze the difference, the calculated value of T T\,T was found to be 2 (T=2T = 2T=2).
| NNN | p≤0.05p \le 0.05p≤0.05 (one-tailed) | p≤0.05p \le 0.05p≤0.05 (two-tailed) |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | 5 | 3 |
| 9 | 8 | 5 |
| 10 | 11 | 8 |
Using the data in Table 1 and Table 2, explain whether the results are significant at p≤0.05 p \le 0.05\,p≤0.05 for a directional (one-tailed) hypothesis, and if the researcher's directional hypothesis can be accepted.
638 exam-style questions on Edexcel A Level Psychology Methods. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.