A student uses the calorimetry apparatus shown below to investigate the temperature change of different displacement reactions.
In the first experiment, they react magnesium powder with copper(II) sulfate solution. In the second experiment, they react zinc powder with copper(II) sulfate solution.

State two variables that must be kept constant in both experiments to ensure a fair comparison of the temperature rises.
Practise Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Heat energy changes in chemical reactions with exam-style questions for Foundation and Higher tier. 130 questions, matched to the Edexcel GCSE Chemistry (1CH0) specification and written in Paper 1 and Paper 2 style. Every question includes a full worked solution and mark scheme, so you can see where marks are awarded rather than just whether you got the answer right.