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1.2 What happens in cells (and what do cells need)?

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Question 22

In research laboratories, scientists can synthesize specific proteins in cell-free systems using in vitro translation kits.

These kits typically contain:

  • A DNA template containing the gene of interest
  • Free RNA nucleotides
  • Ribosomes, tRNA molecules, enzymes, amino acids, and an energy source (ATP)
a.

Describe the role of the DNA template and free RNA nucleotides during the transcription phase in this kit.

[2]
b.

Describe the role of tRNA molecules and ribosomes during the translation phase in this kit.

[2]
c.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique used to amplify DNA.

Explain how PCR enables scientists to analyze extremely small or historic DNA samples found at ancient archaeological sites.

[2]
d.

Name the specific phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle that performs the same biochemical function as PCR.

[1]
e.

Genetic databases store DNA profiles of individuals.

Suggest two benefits of utilizing genetic databases in modern healthcare, other than solving crimes.

[2]
f.

State one ethical concern a person might have regarding the storage of their genetic profile on a database.

[1]
Markscheme

1.2 What happens in cells (and what do cells need)? Questions

  1. GCSE
  2. /Biology
  3. /1.2 What happens in cells (and what do cells need)?

72 exam-style questions on OCR GCSE Biology 1.2 What happens in cells (and what do cells need)?, covering 1.2.1 Structure of DNA, 1.2.2 Nucleotides and complementary bases, 1.2.3 Protein synthesis, 1.2.4 DNA structure and the proteins made, 1.2.5 Investigating enzymatic reactions, and 1.2.6 Mechanism of enzyme action. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.

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