L3f",null,{"backHref":"/gcse/physics/edexcel/questions","basePath":"/gcse/physics/edexcel/speed-velocity-and-acceleration/questions","formulaUrl":null,"initialIndex":89,"initialQuestionWindow":[{"id":"a15af144-e27e-40b0-851c-513861da562f","revisionId":"772ab50a-3693-4cc7-a219-8aca3a63ff27","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"An experiment is designed to measure the time it takes for a trolley to travel down a straight ramp of length $2.5\\text{ m}$ inclined at an angle of $12^\\circ$ to the horizontal.\n\nA student releases the trolley from rest at the top of the ramp and uses a manual stopwatch to record the time taken for the trolley to reach the bottom.\n\nThe average measured time is found to be consistently greater than the theoretical time calculated using a constant acceleration model of $a = g \\sin(12^\\circ)$ with $g = 9.8\\text{ m s}^{-2}$.","difficulty":4,"difficultyBand":"easy","totalMarks":2,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"parts":[{"id":"a23bd1f9-dc56-4660-8fa5-272954379277","label":null,"content":"Suggest one reason why the student's average measured time is greater than the calculated value.","markscheme":"- Friction acting on the trolley (e.g., air resistance, friction in the wheel bearings, or friction between the wheels and the ramp) reduces the actual acceleration below $g\\sin(12^\\circ)$, increasing the time taken. B1\n- Human reaction time causes a delay when starting or stopping the stopwatch. B1","marks":2,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"explanation":{"methods":[{"id":"identify_nonideal_effect","label":"Identify the non-ideal effect","steps":[{"type":"text","order":1,"title":"Compare the forces","content":"The model treats the downhill component of the trolley’s weight as the **unopposed resultant force**. In the real experiment, friction or air resistance acts up the ramp, reducing the resultant force and therefore the trolley’s acceleration.\n\nSo one valid reason is: **friction acting on the trolley reduces its acceleration below the value used in the calculation, so it takes longer to reach the bottom.** This earns the B1 mark.","highlights":[{"text":"constant acceleration model of $a = g \\sin(12^\\circ)$","location":"specification"},{"text":"average measured time is found to be consistently greater than the theoretical time","location":"specification"}]}]}],"generatedAt":"2026-07-21T17:49:53.365Z","modelVersion":"gpt-5.6-terra+diagrams-1","explanationVersion":"v3"},"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null},{"id":"a393f0cb-0c6a-4ab5-905e-e091b68f4596","revisionId":"14fe6139-1d2e-4661-a783-8052abb107a6","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"A delivery van travels along a straight road. Figure 1 shows the velocity-time graph for its journey.\n\n![Velocity-time graph for a delivery van. The y-axis shows velocity in m/s with key values marked at 0, 12, and 18. The x-axis shows time in seconds with key division points at 0, 15, 35, 45, and 60. The graph has four segments: AB is a straight line from (0,0) up to (15, 12); BC is a horizontal line from (15, 12) to (35, 12); CD is a straight line from (35, 12) up to (45, 18); DE is a straight line from (45, 18) down to (60, 0).](https://assets.mathsgenie.co.uk/aqa-qb/e7d9afa9-c11e-4f8f-b4af-e1e8323ceb9e.png)","difficulty":3,"difficultyBand":"easy","totalMarks":3,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"parts":[{"id":"8786c16f-13c4-4937-92a7-b48145e7a59a","label":null,"content":"Calculate the distance the delivery van travels during the part of the journey represented by section BC.","markscheme":"- Finds the duration of section BC as $35 - 15 = 20$ s (or shows this explicitly on the graph or in calculation) B1\n- Employs a correct calculation structure for the area of the rectangle, e.g. $12 \\times 20$ or $12 \\times (35 - 15)$ M1\n- Obtains the correct distance of $240$ m A1","marks":3,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"explanation":{"methods":[{"id":"area_under_graph","label":"Area under

Speed, velocity and acceleration

Question 53

Speed, velocity and acceleration Questions

Speed, velocity and acceleration

Question 53

Speed, velocity and acceleration Questions