Different mixtures can be separated using different methods.
Identify which apparatus (A, B, C, or D) is used for each of the following separation processes:
- Chromatography
- Fractional distillation
- Separating immiscible liquids
A student is given a mixture of ethanol (boiling point 78∘C78^\circ\text{C}78∘C) and water (boiling point 100∘C100^\circ\text{C}100∘C). Suggest a physical method that they could use to separate the ethanol from the water.
The student adds solid sodium carbonate powder to a beaker of dilute hydrochloric acid. This is an example of a chemical change. Write down two observations the student can make to know a chemical reaction has taken place.
The particle model shows how particles are arranged and how they move in solids, liquids, and gases. (i) Describe how the particles are arranged in a liquid. (ii) Describe how the particles move in a liquid.