Crude oil is a mixture of organic compounds that can be separated into fractions. The table below shows the range of boiling points for four fractions obtained:
| Fraction | Range of boiling point in ∘C^\circ\text{C}∘C |
|---|---|
| W | 40–70 |
| X | 70–110 |
| Y | 110–150 |
| Z | 150–190 |
Identify the fraction that is the most viscous at room temperature.
Identify the fraction that contains compounds with the smallest molecules.
Fraction Z contains nonane, which is a straight-chain alkane with nine carbon atoms.
Determine the molecular formula of nonane.
Give the general formula of the homologous series that includes nonane.
Tetradecane, C14H30\text{C}_{14}\text{H}_{30}C14H30, is a long-chain alkane. It can undergo cracking to yield hexane, C6H14\text{C}_6\text{H}_{14}C6H14, and two molecules of the same alkene. Write a balanced chemical equation for this cracking reaction.
State two conditions used in industry for catalytic cracking.
