Crude oil is a complex mixture of organic compounds that serves as a vital source of energy and chemical raw materials.
Define the term hydrocarbon in terms of the chemical elements it contains.
Crude oil is processed in an industrial refinery using fractional distillation.
State what is meant by the chemical term fraction in this context.
Describe the industrial process of fractional distillation used to separate crude oil into different fractions.
The list below shows four different fractions obtained from crude oil:
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)petrolfuel oilresidue \text{LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)} \quad \text{petrol} \quad \text{fuel oil} \quad \text{residue} LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)petrolfuel oilresidueWhich of these fractions has the lowest boiling point?
Which of these fractions is the most viscous?
When hydrocarbon fuels are burned in a limited supply of oxygen, incomplete combustion occurs.
Name the toxic gas produced during this incomplete combustion.
Explain the physiological mechanism by which this gas causes harm to humans.
