calculatorUse":null,"parts":[{"id":"388258e5-e8e2-496b-a254-663199962dea","label":null,"content":"Explain why the coil becomes warm.","markscheme":"- States that there is an electric current (or flow of electrons) through the coil B1\n- Explains that the coil has electrical resistance, causing the moving electrons to collide with the metal lattice ions B1\n- Explains that these collisions transfer kinetic energy to the metal ions, increasing their vibration and raising the thermal energy store of the coil B1","marks":3,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"explanation":{"methods":[{"id":"electron_collisions","label":"Electron collision explanation","steps":[{"type":"text","order":1,"title":"Identify the current","content":"The motor is operating, so there is an **electric current** in its metal coil. Current is a flow of charge; in a metal, the moving charge carriers are electrons.\n\nThis is the first marking point: state that current, or electrons, flow through the coil.","highlights":[{"text":"the metal coil inside the mixer's motor becomes warm","location":"specification"}]},{"type":"text","order":2,"title":"Explain the resistance","content":"The coil has **electrical resistance**. As the electrons move through the metal, they collide with the metal lattice ions. A lattice is the regular arrangement of ions held in a solid metal.\n\nLinking resistance to these collisions earns the second marking point.","highlights":[{"text":"metal coil","location":"specification"}]},{"type":"text","order":3,"title":"Link collisions to warmth","content":"Each collision transfers kinetic energy from the moving electrons to the metal ions. The ions vibrate more, so the coil's **thermal energy store increases**. This raises its temperature, which is why the coil becomes warm.\n\nThis complete energy-transfer explanation earns the final marking point.","highlights":[{"text":"becomes warm","location":"specification"}]}]}],"generatedAt":"2026-07-22T09:36:50.382Z","modelVersion":"gpt-5.6-terra+diagrams-1","explanationVersion":"v3"},"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null},{"id":"83a0dd3c-6380-40b1-9a2c-12ae57aecccd","revisionId":"52cfdb19-9d3b-4408-87fe-95f980df0da0","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"Figure 1 shows the apparatus a student used to investigate how the resistance of a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) changes with light intensity. The student varies the distance between a filament light bulb and the LDR.\n\n![Figure 1: An LDR experiment showing a filament bulb connected to a power supply, a metre ruler, and an LDR connected to a multimeter. Background light is shown shining on the LDR.](https://assets.mathsgenie.co.uk/aqa-qb/20808686-d8ac-4736-a68d-ccc12b2dc759.png)","difficulty":4,"difficultyBand":"medium","totalMarks":6,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"parts":[{"id":"79f75326-0b8d-4552-b7fc-0fd5616ce74c","label":null,"content":"Explain **one** improvement to the apparatus or method that would improve the accuracy of the resistance measurements.","markscheme":"- Suggests performing the experiment in a darkened room or using black cardboard shields to enclose the setup M1\n- Explains that this prevents ambient / background light from reaching the LDR, ensuring the measured resistance depends only on the light from the bulb A1\n- Suggests using a light-emitting diode (LED) instead of a filament bulb M1\n- Explains that LEDs release very little thermal energy compared to filament bulbs, preventing temperature changes from affecting the temperature-sensitive LDR resistance A1\n- Suggests using a set square or aligning aid on the ruler M1\n- Explains that this ensures the filament bulb and the LDR are perfectly aligned and perpendicular to the ruler, so the measured distance along the ruler is the true distance between them A1","marks":6,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"explanation":{"methods":[{"id":"control_background_light","label":"Cont

Resistance and circuit components

Question 31

Resistance and circuit components Questions

Resistance and circuit components

Question 31

Resistance and circuit components Questions