A cable is damaged so that the bare live wire touches the bare earth wire. Why does a very large current flow?
The earth wire has a much larger resistance than the live wire has
The potential difference across the appliance rises well above 230 V
The potential difference between the live wire and the neutral wire falls to 0 V
A potential difference of about 230 V acts across a very low resistance
40 exam-style questions on AQA GCSE Physics 2.3 Domestic uses and safety, covering 2.3.1 Direct and alternating potential difference and 2.3.2 Mains electricity. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.