Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that is separated into useful fractions via fractional distillation. Due to varying economic and industrial needs, the natural yield of each fraction does not always align with commercial demand.
The table below shows the percentage yield of each fraction obtained from a specific crude oil assay alongside its current global market demand:
| Hydrocarbon fraction | Yield from crude oil (%) | Global market demand (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Refinery gases | 3 | 7 |
| Petrol / Gasoline | 11 | 29 |
| Naphtha | 9 | 14 |
| Kerosene | 13 | 11 |
| Diesel / Gas oil | 20 | 26 |
| Fuel oil / Residue | 44 | 13 |
Which of the following options lists only the fractions that are produced in surplus (where the percentage yield exceeds the global market demand)?
Petrol / Gasoline, Naphtha, Diesel / Gas oil
Kerosene, Fuel oil / Residue
Refinery gases, Petrol / Gasoline, Naphtha
Naphtha, Kerosene, Fuel oil / Residue
130 exam-style questions on Edexcel GCSE Chemistry 9.1 Fuels, covering 9.1.1 Hydrocarbons and crude oil, 9.1.2 Fractional distillation of crude oil and its fractions, 9.1.3 The alkanes as a homologous series, 9.1.4 Complete and incomplete combustion, 9.1.5 Pollutants from burning fuels, 9.1.6 Hydrogen as a fuel and non-renewable fossil fuels, and 9.1.7 Cracking of larger alkanes. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.