An epidemiological study investigated the potential association between Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and two clinical outcomes: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and Severe Anemia.
The study monitored 44,000 44,000\,44,000 patients diagnosed with CKD and recorded that 1,980 1,980\,1,980 suffered CHF and 3,520 3,520\,3,520 developed Severe Anemia.
The study also monitored a control group of 18,000 18,000\,18,000 patients without CKD and recorded that 810 suffered CHF and 990 developed Severe Anemia.
A team of health analysts concluded:
"Patients with CKD have the same risk of Congestive Heart Failure as patients without CKD, but they have a higher risk of developing Severe Anemia than patients without CKD."
Explain how the data support this conclusion by calculating the percentage of patients in each group who experienced each condition.
97 exam-style questions on OCR GCSE Biology 6.3 Monitoring and maintaining health, covering 6.3.1 Health and disease, 6.3.2 Interactions between diseases, 6.3.3 Spread of communicable diseases, 6.3.4 Common infections and diseases, 6.3.5 Physical plant defence responses, 6.3.6 Chemical plant defence responses, 6.3.7 Detecting and identifying plant diseases, 6.3.8 White blood cells and platelets, 6.3.9 Non-specific defence systems, 6.3.10 The immune system, 6.3.11 Monoclonal antibodies, 6.3.12 Vaccines and medicines, 6.3.13 Aseptic techniques, 6.3.14 Discovery and development of new medicines, 6.3.15 Causes of non-communicable diseases, 6.3.16 Treatments for cardiovascular disease, 6.3.17 Lifestyle factors and non-communicable diseases, 6.3.18 Cancer, 6.3.19 Stem cells in medicine, 6.3.20 Gene technology in medicine, and 6.3.21 The human genome and medicine. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.