During a physiological experiment, the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus (POAH) of an anaesthetised mammal is selectively warmed to 41∘C41^\circ\text{C}41∘C using an implanted thermode, while the animal's external skin temperature is maintained at a cool 18∘C18^\circ\text{C}18∘C.
Which of the following physiological responses will be observed in this animal, and what is the correct neurophysiological explanation?
Cutaneous vasodilation, mediated by a decrease in sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity.
Cutaneous vasoconstriction, mediated by an increase in sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity.
Shivering thermogenesis, mediated by somatic motor pathways triggered by peripheral cold receptors.
Cutaneous vasodilation, mediated by an increase in parasympathetic cholinergic nerve activity.
