ion":"specification"}]},{"type":"text","order":1,"title":"Link to glycogen storage","content":"Because less glucose enters body cells, less glucose is converted into glycogen for storage in the liver or muscle cells. **(B1: less glucose is converted to glycogen for storage in liver or muscle cells.)**","highlights":[{"text":"after a meal high in carbohydrates","location":"specification"}]},{"type":"text","order":2,"title":"Conclude blood glucose effect","content":"As less glucose is removed from the blood, blood glucose concentration remains high and does not return to its normal level after the meal. **(B1: blood glucose concentration remains high / does not return to normal.)**","highlights":[{"text":"regulation of blood glucose concentration after a meal high in carbohydrates","location":"specification"}]}]}],"generatedAt":"2026-07-22T08:54:45.170Z","modelVersion":"gpt-5.6-terra+diagrams-1","explanationVersion":"v3"},"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null},{"id":"2ae24a10-348c-4201-9189-e2c314f134ec","revisionId":"8ab873e8-e75b-4c9d-b025-1ad2aaf35e17","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"","difficulty":7,"difficultyBand":"medium","totalMarks":6,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"parts":[{"id":"2aa99212-8b9f-401a-b2a0-dc4eadb38ff2","label":null,"content":"Describe how the structure of the nephron and the action of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) work together to regulate the water content of the blood when a person is dehydrated.","markscheme":"- Receptors in the hypothalamus detect low blood water potential (or that the blood is too concentrated) B1\n- The pituitary gland is stimulated to release more anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) into the blood B1\n- ADH binds to receptors on the collecting duct (or distal convoluted tubule) of the nephron B1\n- This increases the permeability of the collecting duct walls to water B1\n- Water moves out of the filtrate in the collecting duct and is reabsorbed back into the blood capillaries by osmosis B1\n- This results in a smaller volume of highly concentrated urine, returning blood water potential to normal B1","marks":6,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"explanation":{"methods":[{"id":"adh_water_balance","label":"ADH water regulation","steps":[{"type":"text","order":1,"title":"Detect the water loss","content":"When a person is dehydrated, their blood has a **low water potential**: it is too concentrated because it contains too little water.\n\nReceptors (specialised cells that detect a change) in the **hypothalamus** detect this. This is the first marking point: state both the low water potential and the hypothalamus receptors.","highlights":[{"text":"when a person is dehydrated","location":"specification"}]},{"type":"text","order":2,"title":"Release more ADH","content":"The hypothalamus stimulates the **pituitary gland** to release more **anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)** into the bloodstream.\n\nFor the next marking point, name the pituitary gland, say that *more* ADH is released, and say that it enters the blood."},{"type":"text","order":3,"title":"Target the collecting duct","content":"ADH is carried in the blood to the kidneys. It binds to receptors on cells in the **collecting duct** of each nephron. A nephron is the tiny filtering unit in a kidney.\n\nThis earns the third marking point. The distal convoluted tubule is also acceptable, but the collecting duct leads directly to the next idea.","highlights":[{"text":"structure of the nephron","location":"specification"}]},{"type":"text","order":4,"title":"Increase water permeability","content":"When ADH binds to these receptors, the walls of the collecting duct become **more permeable to water**. Permeable means that water can pass through the walls more easily.\n\nThis structural change is a separate marking point: do not jump straight from ADH to concentrated urine."},{"type":"text","order":5,"title":"Reabsorb water by osmosis","content":"Water moves by **osmosis** out of the filtrate

Blood glucose control, diabetes and the urinary system

Question 8

Blood glucose control, diabetes and the urinary system Questions

Blood glucose control, diabetes and the urinary system

Question 8

Blood glucose control, diabetes and the urinary system Questions