A patient has kidney failure. The patient is treated with kidney dialysis three times each week while waiting for a kidney transplant.
The Table shows the concentrations of urea and glucose in the patient's blood at the start of a dialysis session and in fresh dialysis fluid.
Table
| Substance | Concentration in patient's blood in mmol/dm3\text{mmol/dm}^3mmol/dm3 | Concentration in fresh dialysis fluid in mmol/dm3\text{mmol/dm}^3mmol/dm3 |
|---|---|---|
| urea | 30.0 | 0.0 |
| glucose | 5.0 | 5.0 |
Explain why urea moves out of the blood into the dialysis fluid.
Explain why there is no overall loss of glucose from the blood during dialysis.
Between dialysis sessions, the urea concentration in the patient's blood increases. Explain why.
The patient is advised to eat less protein. Suggest why.
After a kidney transplant, the patient must take drugs that suppress the immune system. Explain why.
45 exam-style questions on Edexcel GCSE Biology 7.4 Blood glucose and the urinary system, covering 7.4.1 Insulin and blood glucose control, 7.4.2 Glucagon and blood glucose regulation, 7.4.3 Type 1 and type 2 diabetes, 7.4.4 Structure of the urinary system, 7.4.5 Structure and function of the nephron, 7.4.6 ADH and water regulation, 7.4.7 Treatments for kidney failure, and 7.4.8 Production of urea in the liver. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.