Kieran is addicted to vaping (nicotine). He always has a vape immediately after eating a meal, and every time he stands waiting for the bus, he feels an intense urge to vape. He finds that vaping makes him feel calm and less stressed, and he notes that he first started vaping when he felt highly anxious about starting a new college course.
Kieran's college friends used to praise his impressive vape tricks, but now that he vapes constantly, they find his habit antisocial. Kieran gets highly irritable and experiences strong physical cravings if he cannot vape during his morning classes.
His older brother vaped constantly at home, and when Kieran was younger, his close group of school friends often vaped together behind the bike sheds. When asked about his vaping, Kieran attributes his habit to watching his older brother vaping when they were growing up.
Assess the effectiveness of one learning explanation to account for Kieran's nicotine addiction.
You must make reference to the context in your answer.
Practise Edexcel A Level Psychology Content with exam-style questions for A Level Psychology. 1,059 questions covering Biological explanations of crime, Social explanations of crime, Cognitive and ethical interview techniques, Psychological formulation of offending, Cognitive-behavioural treatment for offenders, Biological treatment for offenders, Factors influencing eye-witness testimony, Factors influencing jury decision-making, Individual differences, and Developmental psychology, matched to the Edexcel A Level Psychology (9PS0) specification and written in Paper 1, Paper 2 and Paper 3 style. Every question includes a full worked solution and mark scheme, so you can see where marks are awarded rather than just whether you got the answer right.
