One end of an aluminum rod is heated. Which of the following describes the mechanism or mechanisms responsible for the transfer of thermal energy to the cooler end?
The physical migration of high-energy aluminum ions along the rod only.
The vibrations of aluminum ions in the lattice structure only.
The diffusion of free (delocalized) electrons along the rod only.
Both the lattice vibrations of aluminum ions and the diffusion of free (delocalized) electrons along the rod.
67 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.3.1a Thermal conductors and thermal insulators. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.