One end of a solid non-metal insulator (such as a glass rod) is heated.
Which mechanism is primarily responsible for the conduction of thermal energy to the cooler end of the rod?
the physical migration of high-energy atoms along the rod
both the vibration of atoms within the structure and the diffusion of free electrons
the vibration of atoms within the structure only
the diffusion of free electrons only
67 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.3.1a Thermal conductors and thermal insulators. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.