Figure shows three stages, X, Y and Z, in the breakdown of a substrate by an enzyme.
Figure: Three stages in the breakdown of a substrate by an enzyme

Use Figure to describe what happens at stages X, Y and Z.
The enzyme in Figure can catalyse the same reaction again immediately after stage Z.
Explain why.
The model shown in Figure is called the lock and key model.
Suggest one reason why scientists use a model like this one.
179 exam-style questions on AQA GCSE Biology 2.2 Animal tissues, organs and organ systems, covering 2.2.1 The human digestive system, 2.2.2 The heart and blood vessels, 2.2.3 Blood, 2.2.4 Coronary heart disease: a non-communicable disease, 2.2.5 Health issues, 2.2.6 The effect of lifestyle on some non-communicable diseases, and 2.2.7 Cancer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.