A pumped-storage scheme is used to store energy. During periods of low electricity demand, water is pumped from a lower reservoir up through a pipe to a higher reservoir.
What are the main energy transfers taking place as the water is being pumped up?
gravitational potential energy→kinetic energy→electrical energy\text{gravitational potential energy} \rightarrow \text{kinetic energy} \rightarrow \text{electrical energy}gravitational potential energy→kinetic energy→electrical energy
electrical energy→kinetic energy→gravitational potential energy\text{electrical energy} \rightarrow \text{kinetic energy} \rightarrow \text{gravitational potential energy}electrical energy→kinetic energy→gravitational potential energy
chemical energy→electrical energy→gravitational potential energy\text{chemical energy} \rightarrow \text{electrical energy} \rightarrow \text{gravitational potential energy}chemical energy→electrical energy→gravitational potential energy
kinetic energy→gravitational potential energy→electrical energy\text{kinetic energy} \rightarrow \text{gravitational potential energy} \rightarrow \text{electrical energy}kinetic energy→gravitational potential energy→electrical energy
533 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 1.7 Energy, work and power, covering 1.7.1a Energy stores and energy transfers, 1.7.1b Conservation of energy, 1.7.1c Kinetic and gravitational potential energy, 1.7.2 Work done, 1.7.3 Energy resources, 1.7.3a Energy resources and electricity generation, 1.7.3b Nuclear fusion as an energy source, 1.7.3c Efficiency of energy transfer, and 1.7.4 Power. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.