In the industrial extraction of titanium from titanium(IV) oxide ( $TiO_2$ ), carbon cannot be used as the reducing agent in a single-step thermal reduction. Instead, a multi-step process involving the reduction of purified titanium(IV) chloride ( $TiCl_4$ ) with magnesium is employed under an inert argon atmosphere.

Which of the following statements correctly identifies the chemical reason for one of these process requirements?

Carbon reduction of $TiO_2$ is avoided because it produces titanium carbide ( $T i C$ ), which renders the titanium metal brittle.

An atmosphere of nitrogen gas is used instead of argon because nitrogen is cheaper and completely unreactive towards hot titanium.

Titanium(IV) chloride ( $TiCl_4$ ) is a giant ionic lattice with a high melting point, requiring high temperatures to keep it liquid during reduction.

Magnesium acts as the reducing agent because it has a more positive standard electrode potential ( $EθE^\theta$ ) than titanium.

Which of the following statements correctly identifies the chemical reason for one of these process requirements?

Carbon reduction of $TiO_2$ is avoided because it produces titanium carbide ( $T i C$ ), which renders the titanium metal brittle.

An atmosphere of nitrogen gas is used instead of argon because nitrogen is cheaper and completely unreactive towards hot titanium.

Titanium(IV) chloride ( $TiCl_4$ ) is a giant ionic lattice with a high melting point, requiring high temperatures to keep it liquid during reduction.

Magnesium acts as the reducing agent because it has a more positive standard electrode potential ( $EθE^\theta$ ) than titanium.

5.1 Obtaining and using metals

Question 9

Markscheme

5.1 Obtaining and using metals

Question 9

Markscheme

5.1 Obtaining and using metals

Question 9

5.1 Obtaining and using metals Questions

5.1 Obtaining and using metals

Question 9

5.1 Obtaining and using metals Questions