Two people, R and S, have not previously been exposed to pathogen Y. Each person receives a different preparation. One preparation contains antigens from an inactive form of Y. The other preparation contains ready-made monoclonal antibodies that bind to antigen Y.
The table shows the concentration of antibodies that bind to antigen Y in each person's blood.
| Time | Antibody concentration in R in μg cm−3\mu\text{g cm}^{-3}μg cm−3 | Antibody concentration in S in μg cm−3\mu\text{g cm}^{-3}μg cm−3 |
|---|---|---|
| 3 days after receiving the preparation | 2 | 80 |
| 28 days after receiving the preparation | 24 | 5 |
| 4 days after encountering active pathogen Y | 150 | 12 |
Both people encountered active pathogen Y immediately after the measurements on day 28.
Explain which person received the preparation containing antigens from inactive Y and which person is less likely to develop serious symptoms after encountering active pathogen Y. Use the information in the table.
87 exam-style questions on Edexcel GCSE Biology 5.3 Immune system and medicines, covering 5.3.1 The specific immune system, 5.3.2 Response to immunisation, 5.3.3 Advantages and disadvantages of immunisation, 5.3.4 Antibiotics and bacterial infections, 5.3.5 Aseptic techniques in culturing, 5.3.6 Cross-sectional areas of cultures, 5.3.7 Stages of developing new medicines, and 5.3.8 Production of monoclonal antibodies. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.