An automated planetary probe is equipped with a single-turn search coil designed to measure local magnetic anomalies. As the probe descends into a geological rift, the magnetic flux Φ \Phi\,Φ linking the search coil varies over a 12 s interval as follows:
This variation is illustrated in the graph below:

Determine the induced electromotive force (emf), E\mathcal{E}E, in the search coil during each of these four time intervals, paying careful attention to signs.