A student investigates the effect of simulated acid rain on the germination of radish seeds.
They use the following method:
Step 1: Place 15 radish seeds on filter paper in each of two Petri dishes, X and Y.
Step 2: Moisten the seeds in Petri dish X daily with 5 cm3 of a dilute acid solution with a pH of 3.5.
Step 3: Moisten the seeds in Petri dish Y daily with 5 cm3 of distilled water with a pH of 7.0.
Step 4: Leave both Petri dishes at room temperature for 5 days.
Step 5: Count the number of seeds that have successfully germinated in each dish.
State one piece of equipment the student could use to measure the pH of these liquids.
276 exam-style questions on Edexcel GCSE Chemistry 4.1 Acids, covering 4.1.1 Acids, alkalis and the pH scale, 4.1.2 Hydrogen ion concentration and pH, 4.1.3 Dilute and concentrated, weak and strong acids, 4.1.4 Bases, alkalis and the reactions of acids, 4.1.5 Chemical tests for hydrogen and carbon dioxide, 4.1.6 Neutralisation as a reaction of acids with bases, 4.1.7 Preparing soluble salts, and 4.1.8 Solubility rules and preparing insoluble salts. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.