This question is about acids, alkalis, and their reactions.
What is meant by a strong acid?
Explain what happens to the pH of an alkaline solution as it is diluted with water.
A student performs a titration to find the concentration of an alkali using nitric acid. The student has filled a burette with the nitric acid.
Give three steps the student must do to prepare and set up the alkali sample before starting the titration by adding the acid from the burette. You should name any equipment used.
The student titrated a solution containing 0.0035 moles of potassium hydroxide (KOH\text{KOH}KOH) with 0.14 mol/dm3 nitric acid (HNO3\text{HNO}_3HNO3).
The equation for the reaction is:
KOH+HNO3→KNO3+H2O\text{KOH} + \text{HNO}_3 \rightarrow \text{KNO}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O}KOH+HNO3→KNO3+H2O
Calculate the volume of nitric acid in cm3\text{cm}^3cm3 needed in the titration.
A potassium atom is larger than a sodium atom.
Explain why potassium reacts more vigorously than sodium with water.