Researchers monitored health outcomes in three patient cohorts: those with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) only, those with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) only, and those diagnosed with both conditions.
The study tracked the percentage of patients in each cohort who experienced a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) within 3 years under two different monitoring regimes: Standard Self-Monitoring and Remote Digital Monitoring.
The results of the monitoring study are shown in the table below:
Patient CohortMACE Rate under StandardMACE Rate under RemoteSelf-Monitoring (%)Digital Monitoring (%)Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) only12%6%Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) only18%12%Both T2D and CKD30%18% \begin{array}{|l|c|c|} \hline \textbf{Patient Cohort} & \textbf{MACE Rate under Standard} & \textbf{MACE Rate under Remote} \\ & \textbf{Self-Monitoring (\%)} & \textbf{Digital Monitoring (\%)} \\ \hline \text{Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) only} & 12\% & 6\% \\ \hline \text{Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) only} & 18\% & 12\% \\ \hline \text{Both T2D and CKD} & 30\% & 18\% \\ \hline \end{array} Patient CohortType 2 Diabetes (T2D) onlyChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) onlyBoth T2D and CKDMACE Rate under StandardSelf-Monitoring (%)12%18%30%MACE Rate under RemoteDigital Monitoring (%)6%12%18%What is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from these data?
Remote digital monitoring prevents patients with CKD from ever experiencing a major adverse cardiac event.
Remote digital monitoring is associated with a lower rate of major adverse cardiac events across all three patient cohorts.
Patients with T2D only are more likely to experience MACE than those with both T2D and CKD under both monitoring regimes.
Remote digital monitoring has no effect on the incidence of cardiac events for patients with both T2D and CKD.
97 exam-style questions on OCR GCSE Biology 6.3 Monitoring and maintaining health, covering 6.3.1 Health and disease, 6.3.2 Interactions between diseases, 6.3.3 Spread of communicable diseases, 6.3.4 Common infections and diseases, 6.3.5 Physical plant defence responses, 6.3.6 Chemical plant defence responses, 6.3.7 Detecting and identifying plant diseases, 6.3.8 White blood cells and platelets, 6.3.9 Non-specific defence systems, 6.3.10 The immune system, 6.3.11 Monoclonal antibodies, 6.3.12 Vaccines and medicines, 6.3.13 Aseptic techniques, 6.3.14 Discovery and development of new medicines, 6.3.15 Causes of non-communicable diseases, 6.3.16 Treatments for cardiovascular disease, 6.3.17 Lifestyle factors and non-communicable diseases, 6.3.18 Cancer, 6.3.19 Stem cells in medicine, 6.3.20 Gene technology in medicine, and 6.3.21 The human genome and medicine. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.