A potential antibiotic kills bacteria in laboratory cultures. It then passes initial tests on cells, tissues and animals.
Why are clinical trials still needed before it is used widely?
Laboratory effectiveness establishes human safety but does not establish activity against bacteria.
Laboratory effectiveness does not establish a safe and effective dose in humans.
Animal testing establishes human effectiveness but does not establish activity against bacteria.
Animal testing establishes the human dose but does not establish laboratory effectiveness.
45 exam-style questions on Edexcel GCSE Biology 5.3 Immune system and medicines, covering 5.3.1 The specific immune system, 5.3.2 Response to immunisation, 5.3.3 Advantages and disadvantages of immunisation, 5.3.4 Antibiotics and bacterial infections, 5.3.5 Aseptic techniques in culturing, 5.3.6 Cross-sectional areas of cultures, 5.3.7 Stages of developing new medicines, and 5.3.8 Production of monoclonal antibodies. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.