A circular safety valve with radius 8 cm is designed to open gradually. The cross-section of the opening is a segment of a circle with centre O O\,O and radius rrr. The angle subtended by the segment at the centre is θ \theta\,θ radians.
Given that:
Show that
dAdθ=K(1−cosθ) \frac{dA}{d\theta} = K(1 - \cos \theta) dθdA=K(1−cosθ)where K K\,K is a constant to be found.
Find, in cm2 ^2\,2 s−1^{-1}−1, the rate of increase of the area of the valve opening when θ=π4\displaystyle \theta = \frac{\pi}{4}θ=4π. Give your answer in the form a+b2a + b\sqrt{2}a+b2, where a a\,a and b b\,b are integers.
425 exam-style questions on OCR A Level Maths 1.7 Differentiation, covering 1.7.1 Derivative as gradient of the tangent, 1.7.2 Gradient of the tangent at a point, 1.7.3 Sketching the gradient function, 1.7.4 Second derivatives, 1.7.5 Second derivative as rate of change of gradient, 1.7.6 Convex, concave and points of inflection (A-level only), 1.7.7 Differentiation from first principles for powers of x, 1.7.8 Differentiation from first principles for sin x and cos x (A-level only), 1.7.9 Differentiating x^n, 1.7.10 Differentiating e^(kx) and a^(kx) (A-level only), 1.7.11 Differentiating trigonometric functions (A-level only), 1.7.12 Derivative of ln x (A-level only), 1.7.13 Tangents and normals, 1.7.14 Stationary points, 1.7.15 Increasing and decreasing functions, 1.7.16 Points of inflection (A-level only), 1.7.17 Product and quotient rules (A-level only), 1.7.18 Chain rule (A-level only), 1.7.19 Parametric and implicit differentiation (A-level only), 1.7.20 Constructing differential equations (A-level only), and 1.7 Differentiation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.