An industrial chemist is monitoring the degradation of a catalyst in a chemical reactor. The amount of catalyst, A A\,A units, remaining in the system t t\,t hours after it is introduced is modelled by the differential equation
dAdt=−λA \frac{dA}{dt} = -\lambda A dtdA=−λAwhere λ \lambda\,λ is a positive constant. Given that the solution to this differential equation is of the form A=A0e−λtA = A_0 e^{-\lambda t}A=A0e−λt, where A0 A_0\,A0 is the initial amount of catalyst:
On average, the catalyst has a half-life of 8.4 hours. At 8:00 am, 500 units of the catalyst are added to the reactor. Use the model to calculate the amount of catalyst remaining at 6:30 pm on the same day.
To maintain the reaction safely, the chemist must ensure that the total amount of catalyst in the reactor never exceeds 600 units. The chemist intends to add a second batch of 500 units of catalyst. Determine the earliest time at which this second batch can be added. Give your answer to the nearest minute.
Suggest one limitation of using this model for the degradation of the catalyst in a real industrial environment.
425 exam-style questions on OCR A Level Maths 1.7 Differentiation, covering 1.7.1 Derivative as gradient of the tangent, 1.7.2 Gradient of the tangent at a point, 1.7.3 Sketching the gradient function, 1.7.4 Second derivatives, 1.7.5 Second derivative as rate of change of gradient, 1.7.6 Convex, concave and points of inflection (A-level only), 1.7.7 Differentiation from first principles for powers of x, 1.7.8 Differentiation from first principles for sin x and cos x (A-level only), 1.7.9 Differentiating x^n, 1.7.10 Differentiating e^(kx) and a^(kx) (A-level only), 1.7.11 Differentiating trigonometric functions (A-level only), 1.7.12 Derivative of ln x (A-level only), 1.7.13 Tangents and normals, 1.7.14 Stationary points, 1.7.15 Increasing and decreasing functions, 1.7.16 Points of inflection (A-level only), 1.7.17 Product and quotient rules (A-level only), 1.7.18 Chain rule (A-level only), 1.7.19 Parametric and implicit differentiation (A-level only), 1.7.20 Constructing differential equations (A-level only), and 1.7 Differentiation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.