The non-excludable characteristic of a public good results in market failure because
it is impossible to prevent non-payers from consuming the good, leading to the free-rider problem and market non-provision.
consumption by one individual reduces the quantity available to others, causing rapid depletion of resources.
private firms can easily charge prices that reflect the full marginal social benefit of the good.
the state is unable to calculate the opportunity cost of providing the public good.
