Explain how nitrogen monoxide (NO\text{NO}NO) is formed in aviation gas turbine (jet) engines.
State one environmental or health hazard associated with the emission of oxides of nitrogen.
Industrial exhaust cleanup systems utilize ammonia, NH3\text{NH}_3NH3, to reduce emissions of nitrogen dioxide, NO2\text{NO}_2NO2. In the presence of a catalyst, ammonia reacts with nitrogen dioxide to form nitrogen gas and water vapor.
Platinum in catalytic scrubbers acts as a heterogeneous catalyst to convert environmental pollutants. State the meaning of the term heterogeneous catalyst.
Soot (particulate carbon, C\text{C}C) is another pollutant formed in jet engines during fuel combustion. Explain why carbon particulates are formed instead of carbon dioxide.