A student carries out an experiment to determine the enthalpy of combustion of liquid propan-1-ol (C3H7OH\text{C}_3\text{H}_7\text{OH}C3H7OH).
They use a spirit burner containing propan-1-ol, positioned below a clamped aluminium calorimeter containing 120 g120\text{ g}120 g of water.
Answer the following questions based on this experiment:
Construct a table to record all the raw experimental measurements required to calculate the experimental enthalpy of combustion of propan-1-ol in this investigation. Ensure you include appropriate units.
Another student suggests replacing the clamped aluminium calorimeter with a thick-walled ceramic crucible supported by a clay pipe triangle on a tripod. Suggest two distinct disadvantages of this proposed modification.
Explain two reasons why the calculated value for the enthalpy of combustion of propan-1-ol from this calorimetry experiment is significantly less exothermic than the accepted literature value.
Identify one practical improvement, other than changing the material or vessel type of the calorimeter, that would increase the accuracy of the calculated enthalpy value.