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3.1 Business growth

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Question 5

Figure 1: Active fleet size of VeloShare worldwide (thousands), 2015–2028

YearActive fleet size (thousands)
201515
201628
201745
201862
201985
2020110
2021130
2022125
2023148
2024175
2025210
2026240
2027285
2028330

Extract A: VeloShare – rapid urbanization and regulatory barriers

Micromobility platforms are among the fastest-growing segments of urban transit, and few are expanding as aggressively as VeloShare (VS), a European-based multinational corporation specializing in dockless electric bikes and scooters. Despite rising global manufacturing costs and supply chain delays for lithium batteries, the brand reported record global profits in 2027. It achieved an operating profit of nearly €120 million for the year, up 16% on 2026. This success was chiefly driven by solid performance in its domestic markets (France and Spain) and rapid growth in North America, where total revenue rose by 22% in the same period. The executive team noted that North American operations, supported by a proprietary AI-driven fleet redistribution algorithm, yielded excellent profit margins.

However, its subsidiary in the UK appears to face a steeper path. VS entered the UK in 2018 and has expanded to a fleet of 15,000 vehicles across 12 cities, but only reported its first modest net profit of £180,000 in 2027. Analysts suggest that the persistent lack of declared profitability is partly strategic. Critics have accused VS of utilizing royalty payment structures, where a significant portion of UK revenues is shifted to its European headquarters in Amsterdam to take advantage of favorable corporate tax structures and IP licensing laws.

Furthermore, VS faces intense domestic rivalry in the UK from established ride-hailing platforms and municipal bike-rental schemes. Recent public safety campaigns and proposals for strict national licensing caps and geofencing regulations on electric scooters have also dampened investor and consumer enthusiasm. A commuter survey indicated that nearly 35% of regular micromobility users in major UK cities reduced their usage following negative press regarding pavement clutter and safety incidents.

These operational hurdles have forced a rethink. VS has slowed its rate of fleet expansion in the UK, withdrawing entirely from 3 smaller municipalities, and reoriented its development towards more robust, long-range battery models and integrated safety helmets to rehabilitate its brand image.


Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors that may influence VeloShare’s decision whether to expand in a particular country.

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3.1 Business growth Questions

  1. A Level
  2. /Economics
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