A transport authority estimates the following elasticity values for suburban commuter rail travel:
If urban bus fares increase by 15% and average consumer incomes rise by 4%, whilst the fare for suburban commuter rail travel remains unchanged, what is the expected percentage change in the quantity demanded for suburban commuter rail travel?
+3.0%+3.0\%+3.0%
+15.0%+15.0\%+15.0%
−3.0%-3.0\%−3.0%
−1.5%-1.5\%−1.5%