a.[1]
State the chemical formula of the alkane with 8 carbon atoms.
b.[1]
Write the balanced symbol equation for the complete combustion of propane, C3H8\text{C}_3\text{H}_8C3H8.
c.[1]
Propane can also undergo incomplete combustion. Carbon monoxide and water are two products. State one other possible solid product of the incomplete combustion of propane.
d.[4]
Alkanes are separated from crude oil using fractional distillation.
Explain why the bitumen fraction is collected at the bottom of the fractionating column. Use ideas about molecular size and intermolecular forces.
e.[1]
Name the industrial sector (industry) for which crude oil serves as a major feedstock.
f.[2]
Match each reaction description with the correct chemical formula of its product.
Descriptions:
- Made when ethanol is oxidised.
- Made by an addition reaction between ethene and hydrogen, H2\text{H}_2H2.
- Made when ethene reacts with chlorine gas, Cl2\text{Cl}_2Cl2.
- Made in a condensation polymerisation reaction.
Formulas:
- Formula A: CH3COOH\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}CH3COOH
- Formula B: CH3CH3\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_3CH3CH3
- Formula C: CH2ClCH2Cl\text{CH}_2\text{ClCH}_2\text{Cl}CH2ClCH2Cl
- Formula D: {−[−O−CH2CH2−O−CO−CH2CH2−CO−]−}n\{-[- \text{O}-\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2-\text{O}-\text{CO}-\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2-\text{CO}-]-\}_n{−[−O−CH2CH2−O−CO−CH2CH2−CO−]−}n