Gastroenteritis is an infection or inflammation of the stomach and intestines. The table gives information about four types of gastroenteritis.
| Salmonella Gastroenteritis | Rotavirus Gastroenteritis | Campylobacter Gastroenteritis | Toxic Chemical Gastroenteritis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cause | Bacteria | Virus | Bacteria | Ingesting heavy metal toxins |
| Details of cause | Pathogen is transmitted via ingestion of contaminated undercooked poultry, eggs, or unpasteurized milk. | Pathogen is transmitted via the faecal-oral route, often by touching contaminated surfaces or toys and then touching the mouth. | Pathogen is transmitted through close contact with infected farm animals or raw/undercooked poultry. | Direct chemical irritation of the mucosal lining after consuming food or drink contaminated with industrial toxins. |
| Effect on the body | Causes acute abdominal cramps and diarrhea; can be treated with specific targeted antibiotics in severe cases. | Usually lasts for three to eight days, after which the person recovers and cannot develop this strain again. | Can only cause severe, long-term complications if the patient has a pre-existing autoimmune condition. | Can cause rapid onset of severe vomiting, stomach lining erosion, and systemic poisoning. |
For each of these questions choose your answers from the types of gastroenteritis shown in the table.
(i) List all the types of gastroenteritis that are caused by a bacterium.
(ii) Which type of gastroenteritis can be prevented by avoiding touching the mouth after contact with contaminated surfaces?
(iii) Which type of gastroenteritis is a non-communicable disease?
(iv) Which type of gastroenteritis depends on a pre-existing medical condition to cause severe complications?
Explain why Rotavirus Gastroenteritis cannot be treated using antibiotics. Use information from the table.
Complete each sentence to explain why a person cannot develop the same strain of rotavirus gastroenteritis twice soon after infection.
Use the words from the list:
antibiotics**, antibodies, antigens, immune, red blood, vaccinated, **white blood
97 exam-style questions on OCR GCSE Biology 6.3 Monitoring and maintaining health, covering 6.3.1 Health and disease, 6.3.2 Interactions between diseases, 6.3.3 Spread of communicable diseases, 6.3.4 Common infections and diseases, 6.3.5 Physical plant defence responses, 6.3.6 Chemical plant defence responses, 6.3.7 Detecting and identifying plant diseases, 6.3.8 White blood cells and platelets, 6.3.9 Non-specific defence systems, 6.3.10 The immune system, 6.3.11 Monoclonal antibodies, 6.3.12 Vaccines and medicines, 6.3.13 Aseptic techniques, 6.3.14 Discovery and development of new medicines, 6.3.15 Causes of non-communicable diseases, 6.3.16 Treatments for cardiovascular disease, 6.3.17 Lifestyle factors and non-communicable diseases, 6.3.18 Cancer, 6.3.19 Stem cells in medicine, 6.3.20 Gene technology in medicine, and 6.3.21 The human genome and medicine. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.