In modern medicine, monoclonal antibodies are invaluable tools used for both diagnostic monitoring and targeted therapeutic treatment. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a monoclonal antibody?
A mixture of immunoglobulins secreted by multiple activated plasma cells, targeting various distinct epitopes on a single pathogen.
A highly specific protein produced by a single clone of hybridoma cells, designed to bind to one unique epitope on an antigen.
A chemically synthesized non-protein ligand that binds irreversibly to bacterial ribosomes to prevent translation.
A viral glycoprotein cloned in host yeast cells to stimulate an active, long-term immune response in a patient.
181 exam-style questions on OCR GCSE Biology 6.3 Monitoring and maintaining health, covering 6.3.1 Health and disease, 6.3.2 Interactions between diseases, 6.3.3 Spread of communicable diseases, 6.3.4 Common infections and diseases, 6.3.5 Physical plant defence responses, 6.3.6 Chemical plant defence responses, 6.3.7 Detecting and identifying plant diseases, 6.3.8 White blood cells and platelets, 6.3.9 Non-specific defence systems, 6.3.10 The immune system, 6.3.11 Monoclonal antibodies, 6.3.12 Vaccines and medicines, 6.3.13 Aseptic techniques, 6.3.14 Discovery and development of new medicines, 6.3.15 Causes of non-communicable diseases, 6.3.16 Treatments for cardiovascular disease, 6.3.17 Lifestyle factors and non-communicable diseases, 6.3.18 Cancer, 6.3.19 Stem cells in medicine, 6.3.20 Gene technology in medicine, and 6.3.21 The human genome and medicine. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.