Which row in the table correctly links a non-communicable disease, a key lifestyle risk factor, and its underlying physiological consequence?
DiseaseRisk FactorPhysiological ConsequenceAType 2 diabetesHigh-sugar dietAutoimmune destruction of β-cells in the pancreas.BCoronary heart diseaseObesityIncreased blood pressure and cholesterol, promoting atheroma formation.CCirrhosis of the liverChronic alcohol abuseAccumulation of inhaled tar in hepatocytes, preventing deamination.DCOPDTobacco smokingNicotine directly paralyzes airway cilia, leading to alveolar breakdown. \begin{array}{|c|l|l|l|} \hline & \textbf{Disease} & \textbf{Risk Factor} & \textbf{Physiological Consequence} \\ \hline \textbf{A} & \text{Type 2 diabetes} & \text{High-sugar diet} & \text{Autoimmune destruction of } \beta\text{-cells in the pancreas.} \\ \hline \textbf{B} & \text{Coronary heart disease} & \text{Obesity} & \text{Increased blood pressure and cholesterol, promoting atheroma formation.} \\ \hline \textbf{C} & \text{Cirrhosis of the liver} & \text{Chronic alcohol abuse} & \text{Accumulation of inhaled tar in hepatocytes, preventing deamination.} \\ \hline \textbf{D} & \text{COPD} & \text{Tobacco smoking} & \text{Nicotine directly paralyzes airway cilia, leading to alveolar breakdown.} \\ \hline \end{array} ABCDDiseaseType 2 diabetesCoronary heart diseaseCirrhosis of the liverCOPDRisk FactorHigh-sugar dietObesityChronic alcohol abuseTobacco smokingPhysiological ConsequenceAutoimmune destruction of β-cells in the pancreas.Increased blood pressure and cholesterol, promoting atheroma formation.Accumulation of inhaled tar in hepatocytes, preventing deamination.Nicotine directly paralyzes airway cilia, leading to alveolar breakdown.Row A
Row B
Row C
Row D
97 exam-style questions on OCR GCSE Biology 6.3 Monitoring and maintaining health, covering 6.3.1 Health and disease, 6.3.2 Interactions between diseases, 6.3.3 Spread of communicable diseases, 6.3.4 Common infections and diseases, 6.3.5 Physical plant defence responses, 6.3.6 Chemical plant defence responses, 6.3.7 Detecting and identifying plant diseases, 6.3.8 White blood cells and platelets, 6.3.9 Non-specific defence systems, 6.3.10 The immune system, 6.3.11 Monoclonal antibodies, 6.3.12 Vaccines and medicines, 6.3.13 Aseptic techniques, 6.3.14 Discovery and development of new medicines, 6.3.15 Causes of non-communicable diseases, 6.3.16 Treatments for cardiovascular disease, 6.3.17 Lifestyle factors and non-communicable diseases, 6.3.18 Cancer, 6.3.19 Stem cells in medicine, 6.3.20 Gene technology in medicine, and 6.3.21 The human genome and medicine. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.