The Human Genome Project successfully sequenced the entire human genome. However, determining the complete human proteome from this genomic sequence is significantly more difficult than determining the proteome of a prokaryotic pathogen such as Vibrio cholerae\textit{Vibrio cholerae}Vibrio cholerae.
Which of the following best explains this difficulty?
The eukaryotic genome consists of non-overlapping codons that are translated directly without any post-transcriptional modification, whereas the prokaryotic genetic code is highly degenerate and overlapping.
Eukaryotic DNA contains non-coding introns and regulatory sequences, and pre-mRNA can undergo alternative splicing to produce multiple distinct proteins from a single gene.
Prokaryotes contain non-coding introns that are spliced out by spliceosomes, whereas eukaryotic translation occurs concurrently with transcription, preventing post-transcriptional splicing.
Prokaryotic genes are transcribed into monocistronic mRNA that is translated in mitochondria, while eukaryotic genes are transcribed into polycistronic mRNA that does not code for polypeptides.
