Blood glucose control, diabetes and the urinary system

Medium

A clinical scientist investigated the renal function of two individuals on different dietary regimes and health states:

Subject A: A healthy individual on a high-protein, high-salt diet.
Subject B: An individual with untreated Type 1 diabetes on a low-protein, low-salt diet.

The table below shows the concentrations of glucose, sodium ions, and urea in the urine of both individuals.

Substance	Concentration in urine of Subject A / $dm−3\text{g dm}^{-3}$	Concentration in urine of Subject B / $dm−3\text{g dm}^{-3}$
Glucose	0.0	12.4
Sodium ions	9.4	1.6
Urea	27.8	8.2

Evaluate the results shown in the table, explaining the physiological reasons for the differences observed.

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Blood glucose control, diabetes and the urinary system Questions