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3a:T45b,- Identifies a valid first limitation of the family dysfunction explanation (e.g., reliance on retrospective evidence, ethical parent-blaming issues, or ignoring biological factors) B1 - Explains the first limitation in detail (e.g., explaining why patients' retrospective accounts of their family dynamic may be distorted by cognitive symptoms like delusions or hallucinations) A1 - Analyzes the consequence of this limitation on the overall validity or empirical support of the explanation A1 - Identifies a valid second limitation of the family dysfunction explanation B1 - Explains the second limitation in detail (e.g., explaining how blaming parents, specifically the 'schizophrenogenic mother' concept, causes immense psychological distress and lacks prospective empirical support) A1 - Analyzes the consequence of this second limitation (e.g., highlighting how modern research favors a diathesis-stress or interactionist approach that integrates biological vulnerability rather than focusing purely on environment) A13b:T5cf,- Describes **Double-Bind Theory** (Bateson et al.), where contradictory, "no-win" messages from parents leave the child with a confusing view of reality, potentially causing symptoms like disorganized thinking. B1 - Describes **Expressed Emotion (EE)**, characterized by high levels of verbal criticism, hostility, and emotional over-involvement, which acts as a major stressor triggering onset or relapse. B1 - Describes Fromm-Reichmann's concept of the **Schizophrenogenic Mother** (cold, rejecting, controlling), which creates a tense, secret family atmosphere leading to paranoid delusions. B1 - Explains the link between family dysfunction and schizophrenic symptoms (e.g., how stress/confusion triggers the illness). B1 - Applies **Double-Bind** by linking it to Leo's mother telling him to be "more independent" but then claiming he is "completely incapable of surviving on his own." A1 - Applies **Double-Bind** by highlighting the mismatch between her verbal ("wants to listen") and non-verbal communication ("face looks completely disgusted and she turns away"). A1 - Applies **Expressed Emotion** to Leo's comment about "constantly walking on eggshells," representing a high-tension, stressful atmosphere. A1 - Applies **Expressed Emotion** by pointing to his mother "always criticizing the way I dress or speak" as an example of high verbal criticism. 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(2007) finding that patients took over twice as long to complete the Stroop Test M1\n- Connects this research support to show it confirms impaired central control/cognitive deficits in schizophrenia A1\n- Explains a limitation regarding cause-and-effect, where it is unclear whether dysfunctional thoughts cause schizophrenia symptoms or are a consequence of neural pathology M1\n- Explains a limitation regarding proximal vs. distal causes, arguing that cognitive theories explain immediate mechanisms but not the origins (such as genetic inheritance) A1\n- Structure and depth of evaluation is clear, coherent, and well-focused, with at least two points fully expanded C1","marks":6,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":null,"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null,"walkthroughVideo":null},{"id":"71db49ae-4e9f-4ff2-b816-0ae5f3fc4a92","revisionId":"d20e67e3-91da-42c0-8810-b9802e7e8588","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"","difficulty":4,"difficultyBand":"hard","totalMarks":6,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"isCalculation":false,"parts":[{"id":"0152e673-04a1-45c8-8622-c79599941b1b","label":null,"content":"Briefly discuss **two** limitations of the family dysfunction explanation for schizophrenia.","markscheme":"$3a","marks":6,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":null,"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null,"walkthroughVideo":null},{"id":"8b852acf-9390-4a83-9858-d1fa689f8126","revisionId":"ee5bd37d-d35d-4b73-8bc8-99e6ac7377f4","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"### Case Study: Leo\n\nLeo has recently been diagnosed with schizophrenia. During a session with his caseworker, he describes his home life:\n\n\"I feel like I'm constantly walking on eggshells at home. My mother is always criticizing the way I dress or speak, telling me I need to be more independent. But the moment I try to make my own decisions, she tells me I'm completely incapable of surviving on my own. When I try to talk to her, she says she wants to listen, but her face looks completely disgusted and she turns away. 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Psychological explanations for schizophrenia

Question 5

Psychological explanations for schizophrenia Questions

Psychological explanations for schizophrenia

Question 5

Psychological explanations for schizophrenia Questions