A proton is directed towards a stationary bismuth-209 (83209Bi^{209}_{83}\text{Bi}83209Bi) nucleus in a scattering experiment.
State the fundamental force involved when the proton is scattered by the bismuth nucleus.
The proton has a charge of +1e+1e+1e and a mass of 1.67×10−27 kg1.67 \times 10^{-27}\text{ kg}1.67×10−27 kg. In a head-on collision, it comes to rest at a distance of closest approach of 4.5×10−14 m4.5 \times 10^{-14}\text{ m}4.5×10−14 m from the centre of the bismuth-209 nucleus. Calculate the initial speed of the proton when it is at a large distance from the nucleus. Ignore relativistic effects. Use ε0=8.85×10−12 F m−1\varepsilon_0 = 8.85 \times 10^{-12}\text{ F m}^{-1}ε0=8.85×10−12 F m−1 and e=1.60×10−19 Ce = 1.60 \times 10^{-19}\text{ C}e=1.60×10−19 C.
The nuclear radius of 83209Bi^{209}_{83}\text{Bi}83209Bi is 7.1×10−15 m7.1 \times 10^{-15}\text{ m}7.1×10−15 m. Calculate the nuclear radius of aluminium-27 (1327Al^{27}_{13}\text{Al}1327Al).
All nuclei have approximately the same density. State one conclusion about the nucleons in a nucleus that can be deduced from this fact.
