An economic study on the kitchen appliance market in France estimated the cross elasticity of demand for coffee capsules with respect to the price of capsule espresso machines to be -1.5.
This implies that a 12% decrease in the price of capsule espresso machines will cause the percentage change in demand for coffee capsules to be:
−18.0%-18.0\%−18.0%
+8.0%+8.0\%+8.0%
+18.0%+18.0\%+18.0%
−8.0%-8.0\%−8.0%