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2.2.5 Net trade (X-M)

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Question 16

Extract A

Boost to European Organic Producers

A chemical packaging-leakage scandal in 2021 heavily affected consumer demand for mass-produced infant purees in several Southeast Asian markets. Traces of industrial plasticizers (phthalates) were discovered in products from major domestic manufacturers. In many cases, domestic consumers had very little clarity regarding where ingredients were sourced, as supply chains were highly fragmented and opaque.

As a result of this health scare and a shift toward quality assurance, the market share of certified organic imported infant foods in Vietnamese specialty retail outlets rose from 64% to 72% in 2022. Consequently, the wholesale prices received by premium German organic producers for export-grade purees rose by 4%.

Another significant driver for European producers is the rapid expansion of middle-class demographics in emerging Asian economies. As urban household incomes rise in countries such as Vietnam, so does the demand for premium, uncontaminated nutrition for children. German organic certifications are viewed by these consumers as guaranteeing a highly regulated, safe, and traceable food chain. Leading Vietnamese distribution groups are now engaging directly with German organic manufacturers to lock in long-term import contracts.


Explain two likely impacts on premium organic baby food manufacturers in Germany of the growth in the urban middle class in emerging markets such as Vietnam.

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2.2.5 Net trade (X-M) Questions

  1. A Level
  2. /Economics
  3. /2.2.5 Net trade (X-M)