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1.6 The labour market (A-level only)

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Question 15

Context 2: Structural shifts in labour market organisation and sector representation

Extract D

Table 2: Trade union density, % of employees by sector, 2012 to 2020

YearAll sectorsService sectorManufacturing sector
201221.512.434.2
201419.811.831.5
201618.510.929.8
201817.210.127.2
202016.19.825.3

Figure 2: Percentage change in average hourly pay, January 2016 to September 2023

DateService sector (%)Manufacturing sector (%)
Jan 162.51.8
Jan 172.82.0
Jan 183.02.2
Jan 193.22.5
Jan 201.51.2
Jan 214.83.5
Jan 225.24.1
Sep 225.54.5
Sep 236.25.0

Using the data in Extract D (Table 2), calculate the difference between the mean percentage trade union density in the manufacturing sector and the mean percentage trade union density in the service sector over the period 2012–2020.

Give your answer to one decimal place.

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1.6 The labour market (A-level only) Questions

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  3. /1.6 The labour market (A-level only)