Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a cancer of myeloid line blood cells. Gemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody drug used to treat AML by binding to a surface receptor protein called CD33 and initiating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).
A mutation in the gene CEBPA CEBPA\,CEBPA leads to a non-functional transcription factor, which significantly reduces the transcription of the CD33 CD33\,CD33 gene and hence reduces the production of CD33 receptors on the surface of AML blast cells.
Scientists determined the median percentage of AML blast cells destroyed by Gemtuzumab in AML patients who carried the CEBPA CEBPA\,CEBPA mutation and those who did not (wild-type).
The scientists' results are shown in Table 1.
| Patient Group | Median percentage of AML blast cells destroyed by Gemtuzumab |
|---|---|
| In patients with CEBPA CEBPA\,CEBPA mutation | 16 |
| In patients without CEBPA CEBPA\,CEBPA mutation (wild-type) | 61 |
AML patients have approximately 6.0 × 108 blast cells per dm3\text{dm}^3dm3 of blood.
Use the median values in Table 1 to calculate the difference between the number of AML blast cells per dm3\text{dm}^3dm3 destroyed by Gemtuzumab in patients with the wild-type gene (without the mutation) and those with the mutant CEBPA CEBPA\,CEBPA gene.
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