Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells (a type of white blood cell). Daratumumab is a monoclonal antibody drug used to treat multiple myeloma by binding to a surface protein called CD38 and initiating cell destruction.
A mutation in the gene XBP1XBP1XBP1 leads to a non-functional transcription factor, which reduces the production of CD38 on plasma cells. Scientists determined the median percentage of plasma cells destroyed by Daratumumab in multiple myeloma patients who had the XBP1XBP1XBP1 mutation and those who did not.
The scientists' results are shown in Table 1.
| Patient Group | Median percentage of plasma cells destroyed by Daratumumab |
|---|---|
| In patients with XBP1XBP1XBP1 mutation | 8 |
| In patients without XBP1XBP1XBP1 mutation | 33 |
Multiple myeloma patients have approximately 4.0×1084.0 \times 10^84.0×108 plasma cells per dm3\text{dm}^3dm3 of blood.
Use the median values in Table 1 to calculate the difference between the number of plasma cells per dm3\text{dm}^3dm3 destroyed by Daratumumab in patients with the wild-type gene (without the mutation) and those with the mutant XBP1XBP1XBP1 gene.
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