A nuclear reactor uses the energy released from the nuclear fission of uranium-235, represented by the symbol 92235U^{235}_{92}\text{U}92235U.
How many neutrons are present in a single nucleus of uranium-235?
The diagram below represents the process of nuclear fission.
State the standard nuclear physics terms used to describe the original heavy nucleus before fission, and the two lighter nuclei produced as products after fission.
Explain how this fission process can lead to a self-sustaining chain reaction.
Describe the purpose of the control rods in a nuclear reactor and how they are used to maintain a stable, controlled rate of fission.
Explain the purpose of the moderator in a nuclear reactor.
In some historical nuclear reactor designs, the tips of the control rods entering the core were made of graphite (a moderator) rather than a neutron-absorbing material. Suggest why fully inserting these control rods from a fully withdrawn position could cause a temporary, dangerous spike in the fission rate.
